EU: vitamins and additives produced by GMOs
European organic food processors say « no » to GMOs/NGTs
European organic food processors say “no” to GMOs/NGTs
GMO-derived enzymes used in food and feed
GMO-derived enzymes used in food and feed
Journal
Patents on living organisms: a growing appropriation
Journal
Patents on NGTs, between disputes and desire: the case of Crispr-Cas 9
Journal
Seed patents: the industry’s great manoeuvres
Patents on genetic sequences: excess and fragility
Some seed companies are opposing patents but…
EPO : new GMOs can be differentiated
According to companies, GMO products of genetic modification techniques are patentable because they are considered “inventions”. But to obtain these patents, the European Patent Office (EPO) require from the applicants to be clear about the techniques used for obtaining the organisms or genetic sequences covered by their patent. This obligation shows that, for the EPO, it is possible to differentiate, e.g. between GMOs obtained by patentable mutagenesis techniques on the one hand, and GMOs obtained by other techniques or any other organisms present in nature, on the other hand.